Discover the value of your 1919 Wheat Penny with this expert guide on mint marks, rare errors, and coin grading. Uncover the significance of Philadelphia (“No Mint Mark”), Denver (“D”), and San Francisco (“S”) mint marks, and learn how factors like rarity, condition, and market trends impact the value of these historical coins. Dive into the world of numismatics and enhance your knowledge of the 1919 Wheat Penny.
Introduction
Overview of the 1919 Wheat Penny
The 1919 Wheat Penny is a highly sought-after coin among collectors and numismatists due to its historical significance, rarity, and overall appeal. This one-cent coin, officially known as the Lincoln Wheat Cent, was produced by the United States Mint from 1909 to 1958. Featuring the bust of President Abraham Lincoln on the obverse and two wheat stalks surrounding the denomination on the reverse, the Wheat Penny remains a popular item in the world of coin collecting.
Importance of the 1919 Wheat Penny in numismatics
As one of the earlier issues in the Lincoln Wheat Cent series, the 1919 Wheat Penny holds a special place in the hearts of numismatists. The coin’s age, design, and historical context make it a highly desirable item for collectors. Additionally, this specific year saw a significant spike in production, which makes high-grade examples and rare errors even more valuable.
Factors influencing the value of the 1919 Wheat Penny
The value of a 1919 Wheat Penny can be influenced by several factors, including its mint mark, grade, rarity, and the presence of errors. Additionally, market trends and economic conditions can also affect the coin’s value.
Historical context of the 1919 Wheat Penny
The 1919 Wheat Penny holds a unique place in American history, as it was minted during a period of significant social and economic change. The year 1919 marked the end of World War I, a devastating global conflict that drastically affected the world’s political landscape and economies. In the United States, the post-war era was marked by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and an economic boom that would later be referred to as the “Roaring Twenties.”
As the nation shifted its focus from wartime production to peacetime industries, the United States experienced an increase in consumer spending and a growing middle class. The 1919 Wheat Penny, a commonly circulated coin during this era, served as an essential means of exchange for everyday transactions.
Additionally, the 1919 Wheat Penny reflects the artistic and cultural trends of the early 20th century. The coin’s design, featuring a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and wheat ears on the reverse, was a departure from the more ornate and allegorical designs of earlier U.S. coinage. This shift in design aesthetics was influenced by the growing popularity of the Arts and Crafts movement and the desire to create a more modern and streamlined appearance for American currency.
In summary, the 1919 Wheat Penny is not only a valuable collectible but also a symbol of a transformative period in American history. The coin serves as a tangible reminder of the nation’s post-war economic growth, artistic innovation, and the enduring legacy of Abraham Lincoln.
Design elements of the 1919 Wheat Penny
The 1919 Wheat Penny was designed by Victor David Brenner, who was also responsible for the introduction of the Lincoln cent in 1909. On the obverse side of the coin, a right-facing portrait of Abraham Lincoln is prominently featured, symbolizing his significance as the 16th president of the United States1. The reverse side displays two wheat ears surrounding the words “ONE CENT” and “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,” which has led to the coin’s popular nickname as the “Wheat Penny”. Brenner’s initials “VDB” can be found on the obverse, just below Lincoln’s shoulder.
- Designer – The 1919 Wheat Penny was designed by Victor David Brenner, a Lithuanian-born American sculptor and engraver. Brenner was commissioned by the United States Mint to create a new design for the one-cent coin in honor of the 100th anniversary of Lincoln’s birth in 1909. His design was so well-received that it continued to be used on the penny for over 50 years, from 1909 to 1958.
- Obverse design – The obverse of the 1919 Wheat Penny features a right-facing portrait of Abraham Lincoln, which was based on a photograph taken by Anthony Berger in 1864. This portrait is surrounded by the inscriptions “IN GOD WE TRUST,” “LIBERTY,” and the year of mintage, “1919.” The inclusion of Lincoln’s portrait on the coin was a significant departure from previous U.S. coin designs, as it marked the first time a real historical figure was depicted on a circulating coin.
- Reverse design – The reverse of the 1919 Wheat Penny showcases a pair of wheat stalks, which frame the inscriptions “ONE CENT” and “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.” The wheat ears symbolize prosperity and abundance, reflecting the United States’ position as a major agricultural power. Additionally, the reverse design features the Latin motto “E PLURIBUS UNUM,” which translates to “Out of many, one,” a reference to the unity of the states within the nation.
The design elements of the 1919 Wheat Penny not only highlight the artistic trends of the early 20th century but also serve as a testament to the lasting influence of Abraham Lincoln on American history and culture.
Understanding the mint marks and their significance
| Grade | No Mint Mark (Philadelphia) | “D” Mint Mark (Denver) | “S” Mint Mark (San Francisco) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Good | $0.25 – $1.50 | $0.50 – $4.00 | $1.50 – $12.00 |
| Very Good | $0.50 – $2.50 | $1.00 – $7.00 | $2.50 – $20.00 |
| Fine | $1.00 – $5.00 | $3.00 – $15.00 | $5.00 – $40.00 |
| Very Fine | $2.00 – $10.00 | $5.00 – $35.00 | $10.00 – $80.00 |
| Extremely Fine | $5.00 – $25.00 | $20.00 – $100.00 | $25.00 – $200.00 |
| Uncirculated (MS-60 to MS-63) | $30.00 – $100.00 | $75.00 – $350.00 | $150.00 – $800.00 |
| Uncirculated (MS-64 to MS-65) | $150.00 – $500.00 | $500.00 – $2,000.00 | $1,000.00 – $5,000.00 |
| Rare Errors | Varies | Varies | Varies |
Mint marks: definition and importance
Mint marks are small letters placed on a coin to indicate the U.S. Mint facility where it was produced. These marks help collectors identify a coin’s origin and can play a significant role in determining its rarity and value. The three mint marks used for the 1919 Wheat Penny include:
Philadelphia Mint: No Mint Mark – The Philadelphia Mint, established in 1792, is the oldest and largest mint in the United States. For most of its history, the Philadelphia Mint did not use a mint mark on Wheat Pennies. Coins produced there have no mint mark, which sometimes leads to confusion among collectors1.
Denver Mint: “D” Mint Mark – The Denver Mint, established in 1906, used the “D” mint mark on Wheat Pennies it produced. As a relatively new facility during the 1919 production, the Denver Mint struck fewer coins than its Philadelphia counterpart, contributing to the rarity of coins with the “D” mint mark1.
San Francisco Mint: “S” Mint Mark – The San Francisco Mint, established in 1854, used the “S” mint mark on Wheat Pennies it produced. The San Francisco Mint is known for its lower production numbers, which often results in higher demand and value for coins bearing the “S” mint mark1.
Mintage figures for each mint
The mintage figures for each mint in 1919 are as follows:
- Philadelphia Mint: 392,021,000
- Denver Mint: 57,154,000
- San Francisco Mint: 139,760,000
Rarity and value comparison among mint marks
While the Philadelphia Mint produced the most 1919 Wheat Pennies, coins from the Denver and San Francisco Mints are generally more valuable due to their lower mintage figures. However, the rarity and value of a specific coin can also be influenced by its grade and the presence of errors.
Significance of mintage figures in coin collecting
Mintage figures play a crucial role in the world of coin collecting, as they provide valuable information about the scarcity and potential value of a particular coin. The mintage figure refers to the total number of coins produced by a specific mint during a given year or for a particular coin series. In general, lower mintage figures are associated with higher rarity, as fewer examples of a coin are available to collectors.
The rarity of a coin can significantly impact its value, with coins that are harder to find often commanding higher prices in the market. Collectors and investors often seek out coins with low mintage figures, as these coins tend to be more desirable and may appreciate in value over time. It is important to note, however, that mintage figures are just one factor to consider when assessing the value of a coin. Other factors, such as the coin’s condition, mint mark, and the presence of errors, can also influence its value.
Understanding mintage figures can help collectors and investors make more informed decisions when buying or selling coins. By considering the rarity of a coin in the context of its mintage figures and other factors, collectors can better assess the potential value and desirability of a particular coin within the numismatic market.
Coin grading and its impact on value
Sheldon Coin Grading Scale
1. Explanation of the grading scale
The Sheldon Coin Grading Scale, developed by Dr. William Sheldon in 1949, is a 70-point scale used to grade coins based on their condition. A grade of 1 represents a coin in poor condition (barely identifiable), while a grade of 70 represents a perfect, mint-state coin with no signs of wear or imperfections.
2. Importance of coin grading in determining value
Coin grading is crucial for determining a coin’s value, as collectors typically place a premium on coins in better condition. Higher-graded coins often command higher prices, while lower-graded coins may be more affordable for beginners or budget-conscious collectors.
Factors influencing coin grades
Several factors can influence a coin’s grade, including:
- Surface preservation – The overall condition of a coin’s surface, including the presence of scratches, marks, and other signs of wear or damage.
- 2. Luster – The original mint luster or shine of a coin, which can diminish over time due to wear, cleaning, or environmental factors.
- Strike – The sharpness and detail of a coin’s design elements, which can be influenced by the minting process, die quality, and planchet preparation.
- Eye appeal – The overall attractiveness of a coin, including factors such as toning, color, and the balance between the design elements and fields.
Grading standards for the 1919 Wheat Penny
1. Grading guidelines for different mint marks
Grading standards for 1919 Wheat Pennies can vary slightly depending on the mint mark. For example, coins from the San Francisco Mint may have weaker strikes than those from the Philadelphia or Denver Mints, which can affect their overall grade.
2. Impact of grade on value
The grade of a 1919 Wheat Penny can significantly impact its value, with higher-graded coins commanding a premium over their lower-graded counterparts. For example, a mint-state 1919 Wheat Penny with a grade of MS-65 can be worth several times more than a coin in only fine (F-12) condition.
Examples of coin values for different grades and mint marks
To give readers a better understanding of the value range for the 1919 Wheat Penny, here are some examples of coin values for different grades and mint marks:
- 1919 (No Mint Mark – Philadelphia)
- Good (G-4): $0.35
- Extremely Fine (EF-40): $4.50
- Mint State 63 (MS-63): $75.00
- 1919-D (Denver Mint)
- Good (G-4): $0.75
- Extremely Fine (EF-40): $15.00
- Mint State 63 (MS-63): $225.00
- 1919-S (San Francisco Mint)
- Good (G-4): $0.75
- Extremely Fine (EF-40): $18.00
- Mint State 63 (MS-63): $425.00
Please note that these values are approximate and subject to change based on market conditions and the specific characteristics of individual coins. Consult reputable coin value guides and professional grading services for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
Identifying rare errors in 1919 Wheat Pennies
Types of errors
Several types of errors can be found on 1919 Wheat Pennies, including:
- Doubled dies – When a coin die is accidentally struck twice, resulting in a doubled or distorted design.
- Repunched mint marks – When a mint mark is punched into a coin die multiple times, causing overlapping or doubled mint marks.
- Off-center strikes – When a coin is struck off-center, resulting in an uneven or incomplete design.
- Clipped planchets – When a coin is struck on an incomplete or irregularly shaped planchet, causing a portion of the design to be missing.
How errors affect value
1. Rarity of errors
The rarity of an error can significantly influence its value. In general, the rarer the error, the more valuable the coin.
2. Demand from collectors
Errors on 1919 Wheat Pennies can also be more valuable if there is high demand from collectors. Some error types, such as doubled dies and repunched mint marks, are especially popular among collectors.
Examples of rare error coins and their values
Some examples of rare error 1919 Wheat Pennies and their values include:
- A 1919-S doubled die Wheat Penny in VF-20 condition might be valued at $1,500.
- A 1919-D repunched mint mark Wheat Penny in XF-40 condition could be worth $400.
- A 1919 off-center strike Wheat Penny in AU-50 condition might fetch $200.
Examples of rare error coins and their values
Rare errors in 1919 Wheat Pennies can greatly affect their value. Here are some examples of rare error coins and their approximate values:
- 1919 Doubled Die Obverse (No Mint Mark)
- Very Fine (VF-20): $250.00
- Mint State 63 (MS-63): $1,500.00
- 1919-D Repunched Mint Mark
- Fine (F-12): $50.00
- Mint State 63 (MS-63): $400.00
- 1919-S Off-Center Strike
- Extremely Fine (EF-40): $200.00
- Mint State 63 (MS-63): $1,200.00
Again, please note that these values are approximate and subject to change based on market conditions and the specific characteristics of individual coins. Consult reputable coin value guides and professional grading services for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
Current market trends and factors affecting value
| Mint Mark | Grade | Fair Market Value | High-end Value | PCGS Price Guide Value | NGC Price Guide Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Mint Mark | Fair | $0.50 | $1.00 | $1.00 | $0.75 |
| No Mint Mark | Good | $0.75 | $1.50 | $1.50 | $1.25 |
| No Mint Mark | Very Good | $1.00 | $3.00 | $3.00 | $2.00 |
| No Mint Mark | Fine | $1.50 | $6.00 | $6.00 | $4.00 |
| No Mint Mark | Very Fine | $2.50 | $15.00 | $15.00 | $10.00 |
| No Mint Mark | Extremely Fine | $10.00 | $100.00 | $100.00 | $75.00 |
| No Mint Mark | About Uncirculated | $25.00 | $250.00 | $250.00 | $200.00 |
| No Mint Mark | Uncirculated (MS-60) | $45.00 | $450.00 | $450.00 | $300.00 |
| No Mint Mark | Choice Uncirculated (MS-63) | $120.00 | $1,200.00 | $1,200.00 | $800.00 |
| No Mint Mark | Gem Uncirculated (MS-65) | $400.00 | $4,000.00 | $4,000.00 | $2,500.00 |
| D | Fair | $0.50 | $1.00 | $1.00 | $0.75 |
| D | Good | $0.75 | $1.50 | $1.50 | $1.25 |
| D | Very Good | $1.00 | $3.00 | $3.00 | $2.00 |
| D | Fine | $1.50 | $6.00 | $6.00 | $4.00 |
| D | Very Fine | $2.50 | $15.00 | $15.00 | $10.00 |
| D | Extremely Fine | $10.00 | $100.00 | $100.00 | $75.00 |
| D | About Uncirculated | $25.00 | $250.00 | $250.00 | $200.00 |
| D | Uncirculated (MS-60) | $45.00 | $450.00 | $450.00 | $300.00 |
| D | Choice Uncirculated (MS-63) | $120.00 | $1,200.00 | $1,200.00 | $800.00 |
| D | Gem Uncirculated (MS-65) | $400.00 | $4,000.00 | $4,000.00 | $2,500.00 |
| S | Fair | $0.50 | $1.00 | $1.00 | $0.75 |
| S | Good | $0.75 | $1.50 | $1.50 | $1.25 |
| S | Very Good | $1.00 | $3.00 | $3.00 | $2.00 |
| S | Fine | $1.50 | $6.00 | $6.00 | $4.00 |
| S | Very Fine | $2.50 | $15 |
Role of metal prices in determining value
The value of a 1919 Wheat Penny can be influenced by the price of its base metal, which is primarily copper. However, metal prices generally have a more significant impact on the value of lower-graded coins and those without errors or rare mint marks.
Impact of economic conditions on coin values
Economic conditions can also affect the value of 1919 Wheat Pennies, as demand for collectible coins often fluctuates with the overall health of the economy. During economic downturns, demand for coins may decrease, resulting in lower values.
Collector demand and market trends
Collector demand and market trends play a crucial role in determining the value of 1919 Wheat Pennies. Popular coins with strong collector interest, such as key dates or rare errors, will generally command higher prices. Additionally, changing tastes and preferences within the numismatic community can influence the desirability of certain coins, potentially impacting their value over time.
Speculative interest in the 1919 Wheat Penny
Speculative interest in the 1919 Wheat Penny can also affect its value, with some collectors and investors seeking out high-grade examples, rare mint marks, or errors as potential investments. This speculative demand can drive up prices, especially for the most sought-after coins.
Resources for determining the value of 1919 Wheat Pennies
Coin value guides and price listings
Several coin value guides and price listings can help collectors and investors determine the value of their 1919 Wheat Pennies, including:
- Red Book – Also known as “A Guide Book of United States Coins,” the Red Book is an annually published price guide that provides retail values for various U.S. coins.
- Grey Sheet – The “Coin Dealer Newsletter,” or Grey Sheet, is a subscription-based pricing guide that provides wholesale values for U.S. coins, as determined by dealer transactions and market trends.
- Numismatic periodicals – Various numismatic publications, such as “Coin World” and “Numismatic News,” offer price guides, market analysis, and other valuable information for collectors and investors.
Professional coin grading services
Two leading professional coin grading services can help collectors and investors determine the grade and authenticity of their 1919 Wheat Pennies:
- PCGS – The Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) is a highly respected coin grading service that provides grading, authentication, and encapsulation services for U.S. coins.
- NGC – The Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC) is another leading coin grading service that offers similar services as PCGS, including grading, authentication, and encapsulation.
Online marketplaces and auction houses
In addition to coin value guides, professional coin grading services, and numismatic periodicals, collectors can also explore online marketplaces and auction houses to determine the value of their 1919 Wheat Pennies. These platforms offer real-time market data, allowing collectors to monitor price trends and gather valuable information on the current demand for specific coins. Some popular online platforms include:
- eBay: As one of the largest online marketplaces, eBay offers a vast selection of coins available for purchase, including 1919 Wheat Pennies. Collectors can search for completed listings to gauge the value of similar coins that have recently been sold1.
- Heritage Auctions: Heritage Auctions is a well-known auction house that specializes in rare coins and currency. Their auction archives provide valuable insights into the value of rare and high-grade 1919 Wheat Pennies, as well as detailed descriptions and images of the coins2.
- Stack’s Bowers: Another reputable auction house, Stack’s Bowers, offers an extensive inventory of coins, including 1919 Wheat Pennies. Their auction archives and upcoming auctions can provide collectors with valuable information on the current market value of specific coins3.
Conclusion
Summary of key factors affecting the value of 1919 Wheat Pennies
The value of a 1919 Wheat Penny can be influenced by several factors, including its mint mark, grade, rarity, presence of errors, and current market trends. By understanding these factors and using available resources, collectors and investors can make informed decisions when buying or selling these coins.
Importance of proper research and due diligence when buying or selling
When buying or selling a 1919 Wheat Penny, it is essential to conduct proper research and due diligence. Utilizing reputable coin grading services, consulting coin value guides, and monitoring market trends can help ensure that collectors and investors are well-informed about the value of their coins.
Encouragement for collectors to preserve and share the history of these coins
Collecting 1919 Wheat Pennies not only offers the potential for financial gain but also provides an opportunity to preserve and share a piece of American history. By maintaining these coins in the best possible condition and passing on the knowledge and passion for numismatics to future generations, collectors can help keep the legacy of the 1919 Wheat Penny alive for years to come. Whether you are a seasoned collector or a beginner, the pursuit of these coins offers a fascinating and rewarding experience in the world of numismatics.
People also ask
- What is the 1919 Wheat Penny?: The 1919 Wheat Penny is a coin that was minted by the United States Mint as part of the Lincoln Wheat Cent series.
- Why is the 1919 Wheat Penny important in numismatics?: The 1919 Wheat Penny is important in numismatics because it is one of the earlier issues in the Lincoln Wheat Cent series, and it holds a special place in the hearts of collectors due to its age, design, and historical context.
- What are mint marks, and why are they important in the context of the 1919 Wheat Penny?: Mint marks are small letters placed on a coin to indicate the U.S. Mint facility where it was produced. The three mint marks used for the 1919 Wheat Penny include Philadelphia (no mint mark), Denver (“D” mint mark), and San Francisco (“S” mint mark). Mint marks are important because they can affect the rarity and value of coins.
- How are coins graded, and what impact does this have on the value of the 1919 Wheat Penny?: Coins are graded using a standardized system called the Sheldon Coin Grading Scale, which ranges from 1 (barely identifiable) to 70 (perfect condition). The grade of a coin can impact its value, with higher grades generally commanding higher prices.
- What are some rare errors that can be found on 1919 Wheat Pennies, and how do they affect the coin’s value?: Some rare errors that can be found on 1919 Wheat Pennies include doubled dies, repunched mint marks, off-center strikes, and clipped planchets. These errors can affect the coin’s value, with rarer errors generally commanding higher prices.
- What are the current market trends and factors affecting the value of the 1919 Wheat Penny?: Market trends and factors affecting the value of the 1919 Wheat Penny include metal prices, economic conditions, collector demand, and speculative interest.
- What resources are available for determining the value of 1919 Wheat Pennies?: Resources for determining the value of 1919 Wheat Pennies include coin value guides, professional coin grading services, and online marketplaces and auction houses.
